![]() ![]() In this case, the “waste heat” in question is the thermal energy of gas turbine exhaust gas, which otherwise would be dumped into the atmosphere (i.e., “wasted”). ![]() In this case, the steam boiler’s heat source is solar radiation (i.e., it is unfired, just like the nuclear reactor).īy the same token, gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) “bottoming” cycle 2 can be considered as a special case of waste heat recovery. After all, a CSP power plant is a boiler-turbine power plant as well. One can even add the concentrated solar power (CSP) plant into this group. The difference between the two lies in the nature of the steam boiler, which in the case of a nuclear power plant is the nuclear reactor. The first two can be grouped under the heading of “conventional steam” power plant. Steam turbines for electric power generation are available in three major configurations:ġ ‐as the sole prime mover in a fossil fuel (in most cases coal) fired boiler-turbine power plant Ģ ‐as the sole prime mover in a nuclear power plant ģ ‐as one of the prime movers in a gas turbine “combined cycle” power plant with a (steam) bottoming cycle. This will enable the reader to assess many claims made in trade publications and even in archival journals about the capabilities of steam turbines and competing technologies (e.g., most prominently these days, supercritical CO 2 cycles), which are frequently colored by marketing hyperbole and hidden behind impenetrable technical jargon. The intent of the present article is to provide the reader with a first principles-based look at the state-of-the-art in steam turbine design from two perspectives, i.e., performance and operability. For the practical aspects of steam turbine design and operability itself, Leyzerovich’s book is a good source 1 ( Leyzerovich, 2008). ![]() A crash course on conventional steam cycle thermodynamics and heat and mass balance analysis can be found in Chapter 2 of the same source. Especially for boiler thermodynamics, design and hardware, Chapters 4, 19, and 22 of Steam (2015) constitute possibly the best resource for laypersons as well as practitioners. His recommendations are the introductory thermodynamics book by Moran and Shapiro (1998)1988 and the proverbial industry “bible” Steam by The Babcock & Wilcox Company ( Steam, 2015). ![]() While in this day and age most information is available online and only “one click” away, the author strongly recommends resisting the urge to “google” unfamiliar concepts and terminology and instead turn to true and tested references. For more in-depth information, refer to the recent monographs by the author and references cited therein ( Gülen, 2019a Gülen, 2019b). Huge strides made since then depended to a large extent on development of alloy steels, mechanical designs, and manufacturing techniques to push steam conditions higher (and back pressures lower). There has been not much in terms of truly original contribution to steam turbine thermodynamics since Stodola’s century-old masterpiece on steam and gas turbines ( Stodola, 1927). It would be presumptuous of the author to claim that this research contains never-before-seen, utterly innovative, and unique material on the subject matter, i.e., steam turbines. ![]()
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